Pain modulation is the process of alterations in the pain signals along the transmission pathway of pain. It explains: Why individuals respond to the same stimulus differently.

A quite ordinary example of the modulation of painful stimuli is the ability to reduce the sensation of sharp pain by activating low-threshold mechanoreceptors: If you crack your shin or stub a toe, a natural (and effective) reaction is to vigorously rub the site of injury for a minute or two.

Most, if not all, ailments of the body cause pain. Pain is interpreted and perceived in the brain. Pain is modulated by two primary types of drugs that work on the brain: analgesics and anesthetics. The term analgesic refers to a drug that relieves pain without loss of consciousness.

2022年7月10日 · This article aims to look at the anatomical structures associated with pain perception in addition to examining the Gate Theory of Pain modulation. Pain is a constant nuisance to many individuals. It can be a representation of actual injury (such as blunt force trauma to a limb) or emotional injury (such as the pain of a broken heart).

Emotional state, degree of anxiety, attention and distraction, past experiences, memories, and many other factors can either enhance or diminish the pain experience. Here, we review evidence for “top-down” modulatory circuits that profoundly change the sensory experience of pain.

This article reviews data on pain modulation, focusing on the mechanisms and translational aspects of pain modulation from conditioned pain modulation (CPM) to placebo and nocebo effects in experimental and clinical pain.

We review many of the recent findings concerning mechanisms and pathways for pain and its modulation, emphasizing sensitization and the modulation of nociceptors and of dorsal horn nociceptive neurons.

2024年1月30日 · Neuronal pathways that originate in the brainstem and project to the spinal cord to modulate spinal neuronal activity provide a well-documented perspective on the mechanisms of analgesia that underpin pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment options for people with musculoskeletal pain.

This article reviews data on pain modulation, focusing on the mechanisms and translational aspects of pain modulation from conditioned pain modulation (CPM) to placebo and nocebo effects in experimental and clinical pain.

Pain modulation can be both positive or negative, explaining increased pain under conditions of anxiety or catastrophizing and decreased pain with recruitment of the endogenous opioid-peptide system.