Germinal centers are an important part of the B cell humoral immune response, acting as central factories for the generation of affinity matured B cells specialized in producing improved antibodies that effectively recognize antigen (e.g. infectious agents), and for the production of long-lived plasma cells and durable memory B cells.

Germinal centers are oligoclonal clusters of B cells responding to antigen, typically in T cell-dependent immune responses (Thorbecke et al., 1994). B cells undergo intense clonal expansion in germinal centers, where they ultimately differentiate into …

2022年4月26日 · Germinal centers (GCs) are microanatomical sites of B cell clonal expansion and antibody affinity maturation. Therein, B cells undergo the Darwinian process of somatic diversification and affinity-driven selection of immunoglobulins that produces the high-affinity antibodies essential for effective …

Over the past several years, studies on normal and malignant B cells have provided new insights into the unique physiology of the germinal centre (GC). In particular, advances in technology have...

The germinal center is found at the core of the secondary lymphoid nodule and is the site of activation, proliferation, differentiation, and death of B lymphocytes, or B-cells. Germinal centers may by present for 2–3 weeks after antigenic stimulation.

Germinal centers (GCs) are important sites of antibody affinity maturation that are induced during immune responses. They are organized into two major zones: dark and light zones. In the classical model, the dark zone contains large centroblasts that are rapidly proliferating and undergoing somatic mutation of their antibody variable region genes.

Germinal centers (GCs) are transitory microanatomical environments that form after antigen-activated B cells receive help from a follicular T helper (T FH) cell, a specialized CD4+ T cell subset. Within Germinal centers, B cells undergo clonal extension and affinity maturation, differentiating into long-living plasma cells or memory cells with ...

Keywords: B cell, germinal center, transcription, epigenetics, T cell help, tingible body macrophage, somatic hypermutation, affinity maturation. Introduction. Since the histologic identification in 1930, almost a century of investigation has revealed the central importance of germinal centers (GCs) in humoral immunity . Fundamental to GC ...

Germinal centers (GCs) are distinct microanatomical structures that form in the secondary lymphoid organs of endothermic vertebrates (i.e., mammals and some birds). Within GCs, B cells undergo a Darwinian selection process to identify clones which ...

2007年1月1日 · Within 3 days, polarized secondary follicles or germinal centers are formed that display anatomically distinct dark and light zones appreciable on a hematoxylin and eosin–stained histologic section.