Objectives: To observe the prevalence of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration in elite athletes as compared with published literature of changes seen in non-athletes—that is, normal population.

A cervical intervertebral disc can prolapse (hernia or rupture) asymptomatically or may produce neck pain, nerve root compression (radiculopathy) or spinal cord compression (myelopathy). Surgery is ...

He has also obtained patents in China and the United States based on his spinal ... as intervertebral discs. One of the leading causes of upper limb pain and paralysis, cervical disc herniation ...