Treatment consists of sun protection, 4% hydroquinone cream twice daily, with adjunctive tretinoin 0.05% to 0.1% cream at bedtime. Sunbathing is contraindicated, since this can result in the ...

Topical retinoids (for example, tretinoin) and retinoid analogues (for example, adapalene and tazarotene) help normalize hyperkeratinization and have demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory ...

In terms of topical treatment, Lipner and Friedman say patients can see successful outcomes using retinoids, or vitamin A derivatives like adapalene to tretinoin, which can help with pigmentation.