As an example of a basic form you got a unipolar coil design with a permanent magnetic (PM) core, such as the very common 28BYJ-48. This stepper motor features 8 ‘teeth’ on the stator ...

If you want a simple and easy introduction to stepper motors, check out the [IMSAI Guy]’s short video where he designs a very basic stepper motor controller and packs in a lot of quick lessons ...