TLRs critically link innate immunity to adaptive immunity by regulating the activation of antigen-presenting cells and key cytokines. Furthermore, recent studies also have shown that TLR signaling can ...

Converging studies shows that pyroptosis can occur in renal intrinsic cells and participate in the development of DN, and its activation mechanism involves a variety of signaling pathways. Meanwhile, ...

This paper highlights the use of SMART in several biological test cases including cellular mechanotransduction, calcium signaling in neurons and cardiomyocytes, and adenosine triphosphate synthesis.