The adaptive immune system produces a slower response than that of the innate immune system, but the response is highly specific. It also has a wonderful memory, thereby mounting a much faster immune ...

Max Cooper and Brantley Herrin discuss the evolution of innate and alternative adaptive immune systems for defence purposes and conclude that successful vaccines and other therapeutic ...

When pathogens are not destroyed by the innate immune system, the adaptive immune response takes over. This is a highly specific response that involves specialised cells called lymphocytes and takes ...

Complement helps kill bacteria, viruses, or infected cells. These specialized cells and parts of the immune system offer the body protection against disease. This protection is called immunity. Humans ...