Valence electrons with quantum properties are also expected to exhibit emergent phenomena, making these crystals essential for studying novel material functionalities. However, the extent to which ...

Using synchrotron infrared light and near-infrared/visible lasers without applying a magnetic field, we observed the response of valence electrons in the (C₂H₅)(CH₃)₃As[Pd(C₃S₅ ...

1). In the n-type layer, there is an excess of electrons, and in the p-type layer, there is an excess of positively charged holes (which are vacancies due to the lack of valence electrons). Near the ...

The “lead” of a pencil is actually made of a substance called graphite which is made of carbon atoms. The picture shows a close-up of one carbon atom. A hydrogen atom has one proton as the nucleus and ...

The low-loss region of the EELS spectrum is sensitive to the collective excitations of valence electrons, known as plasmons. By mapping the plasmon energy and intensity, information about the local ...