Photosynthesis is the dominant source of energy in most ecosystems through conversion of light to C-H bonds in organic material, and so the flow and fate or carbon is tightly linked to energy flow.

The way energy passes through an ecosystem is described as energy flow. Herbivores (plant eating animals) are primary consumers. Carnivores (animals who eat other animals) are secondary consumers ...

Secondary production is an ecosystem (energy flow) concept that is measured using a population technique. Textbooks rarely mention that it can address population/community questions as well.

Fieldwork and competition (CCEA) The carbon cycle and decomposition (CCEA) Global warming, human activity and biodiversity (CCEA) The nitrogen cycle, minerals and eutrophication (CCEA) ...