The layers of the annulus fibrosus crisscross each other to provide a “scaffolding” of support. The design makes the covering of the disc strong enough to hold the liquid nucleus material ...

Each disk is made up of two parts that work together to absorb and cushion the spine: Annulus fibrosus: This is the sturdy yet flexible outer layer of the disk. It forms a ring or circle around ...

The nucleus pulposus first herniates into tears in the annulus fibrosus. It may eventually break through enough of the annulus to cause bulging. If the process continues, disc material may ...