However, while these features align with commodification, there is no direct evidence of trade or market-based transactions akin to those seen in urbanized regions of Mesopotamia. Instead, Kani Shaie ...

Ancient Mesopotamia, centered in present-day Iraq, occupies a unique place in the history of human culture. It is there, around 3400–3000 BC, that all the key elements of urban civilization first ...

these people are credited with influencing agriculture, astronomy, religion and mathematics. What kind of structure is Mesopotamia known for? The Mesopotamian social structure was highly stratified.

Greek astronomer Claudius Ptolemy, who lived in Egypt, built upon Babylonian knowledge in his geocentric model of the ...

Mesopotamia’s fertile land, nurtured by the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, has witnessed the transition from hunters and gatherers to settled civilizations, the birth of agriculture, and the first known ...